Ericsson's patent infringement suit against Micromax over 2G/3G standard-essential patents (SEPs) gave Indian courts their first real encounter with FRAND — Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory licensing — and set in motion a jurisprudence that continues to shape SEP litigation in India today.

Background

Ericsson alleged that Micromax's mobile handsets implemented technology covered by Ericsson's declared standard-essential patents relating to 2G and 3G communication standards (AMR, EDGE), without a valid licence. Because SEPs are, by definition, unavoidable for any device implementing the relevant standard, Ericsson had committed — as a condition of standard-setting — to license these patents on FRAND terms to any willing licensee.

The Dispute

Micromax contested both the royalty rates Ericsson demanded and the basis on which they were calculated — a percentage of the selling price of the entire handset, rather than the value of the specific chipset implementing the standard. This "royalty base" question — whether FRAND royalties should be calculated on the smallest saleable patent-practising component or the end product — became, and remains, one of the most contested issues in SEP litigation globally.

The Delhi High Court's Interim Approach

The Delhi High Court granted interim relief requiring Micromax to make interim royalty payments to Ericsson pending final adjudication, without conclusively determining the FRAND rate at that stage — an approach that let both commercial reality (continued market access for Micromax) and Ericsson's patent rights coexist while the substantive dispute proceeded.

Why It Still Matters